Thinking clearly about performance, part 1

1 Thinking about maps

Thinking clearly about the endophenotype-intermediate phenotype-biomarker distinctions in developmental psychopathology research.

The endophenotype is central to modern developmental psychopathology studies. It is used in studies seeking to connect the genetic substrates of the panoply of major mental disorders with processes, tapped by laboratory and other assessment measures, in the genotype to a behavior/psychopathology pathway. Proposed originally by Gottesman and Shields (1972; Shields & Gottesman, 1973) 41 years ago...

Part I Thinking about evolution by taking development on board

What is evo-devo? Undoubtedly this is a shorthand for evolutionary developmental biology. There, however, agreement stops. Evo-devo has been regarded as either a new discipline within evolutionary biology or simply a new perspective upon it, a lively interdisciplinary field of studies, or even necessary complement to the standard (neo-Darwinian) theory of evolution, which is an obligate step to...

Artificial Intelligence: Usfssg Computers to Think about Thinking. Part 1. Representing Knowledge

In 1950, Alan M. Turing, the late deputy director of the University of Manchester’s Computing Laboratory in England, proposed a novel test to determine whether a machine was capable of thinking. In thk test, an interrogator has a teletype conversation with a man and a woman, both of whom must try to convince the interrogator that they are the woman. At some point unknown to the interrogator, th...

Problems for clinical judgement: 3. Thinking clearly in an emergency.

The resuscitation of a patient in extremis is frequently characterized by chaos and disorganization, and is one of the most stressful situations in medicine. We reviewed selected studies from the fields of anesthesia, emergency medicine and critical care that address the process of responding to a critically ill patient. Individual clinicians can improve their performance by increased exposure ...